Some ideas are:
- You branch off into another timeline and your actions make no difference to the previous timeline
- You’ve already taken said actions but just didn’t know about it so nothing changes
- Actions taken can have an effect (so you could suddenly erase yourself if you killed your parents)
- Only “nexus” or fixed events really matter, the timeline will sort itself out for minor changes
- something else entirely
Traveling to the past: You can’t go into the past because doing so would change who you are and thus your reason for traveling in the first place. For example, killing Hitler when he was a baby would completely change the world as we know it, thus change you as you are. You might not have been born, or if you were, you wouldn’t know who Hitler was, so there was no reason to go into the past, thus your time travel never happened in the first place. It’s a paradox via butterfly effect. To underscore this further, you couldn’t even change the history of another planet’s species simply because it’s still a part of your timeline. Same universe.
The only scenario where it might work is going into the past as an impartial observer and not having any impact at all (some kind of magical bubble where you are invisible and no effect on the past). That would be fun, because you get to learn about history firsthand.
An interesting time travel alternative is Trunks’ timeline from Dragonball Z, where he went to the past, saved their future, but the androids in his timeline still persisted. This leads me to believe it was not just another time but another dimension (a la Rick and Morty).
Traveling to the future is a bit easier. Technically, with the proper spacecraft, you can go into the future (go sit around Sag A* for a bit), but it would be a future where you weren’t around to have an influence in it. It would be like temporarily kidnapping yourself. This might be similar to how people came back five years later after being snapped by Thanos in the MCU.
IMO, the best use of time travel would be to go to the future tomorrow to scan ahead and see what happens (as long as you wouldn’t have been needed in that future), then going back to the present time just seconds after you left. So little would have changed that your timeline would remain intact (only your biological clock would be off). So, you might be able to prevent incidents in the world by constantly jumping ahead to see what was going to happen. A future-scanning time traveler might have been able to prevent the recent New Orleans tragedy from happening. They could also be lazy and just learn the winning lottery numbers.
Isn’t jumping forward and then changing stuff in your timeline just traveling to the past with extra steps? If doing something in the past changes the now changing something in the now based in future outcome would also change that outcome.
Jumping forward to change something in the future isn’t what I suggested. Jumping forward to learn and make a change in your present based on that knowledge is. It also depends on your timing. The farther ahead your jump, the bigger the change in the outcome, but it also depends on your relevance to the situation. It helps if you aren’t involved with the event.